1 00:00:05,329 --> 00:00:03,230 joining us is Bob Cabana director of the 2 00:00:07,789 --> 00:00:05,339 Kennedy Space Center Bob but it's really 3 00:00:11,089 --> 00:00:07,799 nice of you to take the time out to join 4 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:11,099 us here in Mission Control it's my 5 00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:14,610 pleasure Kyle I the only way this could 6 00:00:18,290 --> 00:00:15,870 be better as if I were sitting on 7 00:00:20,240 --> 00:00:18,300 console with you i miss my days as a 8 00:00:23,420 --> 00:00:20,250 Capcom well you know I was going to 9 00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:23,430 touch on on all of that stuff we've got 10 00:00:29,359 --> 00:00:26,820 such a great background and wide varied 11 00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:29,369 background in not only spaceflight on 12 00:00:34,760 --> 00:00:32,460 orbit obviously but but obviously on the 13 00:00:37,850 --> 00:00:34,770 ground with all that you've done since 14 00:00:41,270 --> 00:00:37,860 you joined NASA back in 1985 not to date 15 00:00:43,069 --> 00:00:41,280 you obviously but I know you work I know 16 00:00:45,860 --> 00:00:43,079 you worked here in Mission Control and 17 00:00:47,299 --> 00:00:45,870 and of course that's where we're talking 18 00:00:50,869 --> 00:00:47,309 to you from as the station flight 19 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:50,879 control room yeah I I've been blessed 20 00:00:55,790 --> 00:00:53,010 I've had a great career at NASA but it's 21 00:00:57,979 --> 00:00:55,800 not over yet we still we still got a lot 22 00:01:00,049 --> 00:00:57,989 of good stuff to do and we're making 23 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:00,059 great progress towards the future well 24 00:01:06,170 --> 00:01:03,840 exactly you know I was going to ask you 25 00:01:08,810 --> 00:01:06,180 is you know what's more challenging what 26 00:01:12,140 --> 00:01:08,820 you're doing now or flying in space but 27 00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:12,150 i'm not sure that one is less 28 00:01:20,330 --> 00:01:15,540 challenging than another but can you 29 00:01:21,830 --> 00:01:20,340 imagine I volunteered I volunteered to 30 00:01:23,929 --> 00:01:21,840 the chief es not office I'd be willing 31 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:23,939 to take that that your flight anything 32 00:01:28,789 --> 00:01:25,170 to get out of a wearing a coat and tie 33 00:01:31,010 --> 00:01:28,799 to work well if you worked in mcc i 34 00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:31,020 guess you don't have to but it's 35 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:33,780 probably something that would be more 36 00:01:39,649 --> 00:01:36,210 appropriate to wear but again you 37 00:01:44,569 --> 00:01:39,659 imagine that it's been let's see your 38 00:01:46,609 --> 00:01:44,579 first flight 1990 can you imagine from 39 00:01:49,700 --> 00:01:46,619 from that point to where you are now 40 00:01:51,490 --> 00:01:49,710 that we now have a space station where 41 00:01:56,359 --> 00:01:51,500 crew members are living on board 42 00:01:58,609 --> 00:01:56,369 permanently i know in an amazing space 43 00:02:03,499 --> 00:01:58,619 station at that i can't believe it's 44 00:02:06,859 --> 00:02:03,509 been 14 years since we united unity and 45 00:02:08,719 --> 00:02:06,869 zaria together in fact today i guess 46 00:02:11,479 --> 00:02:08,729 when this airs it will be EV a day but 47 00:02:12,920 --> 00:02:11,489 today what we're talking this was the 48 00:02:15,559 --> 00:02:12,930 day that we 49 00:02:19,550 --> 00:02:15,569 rendezvous didn't join unity this area 50 00:02:22,099 --> 00:02:19,560 hers are you to uni yeah and and you 51 00:02:24,709 --> 00:02:22,109 know STS 41 was what four days and 52 00:02:27,099 --> 00:02:24,719 incrementally you know your second 53 00:02:30,830 --> 00:02:27,109 flight which was essentially a 54 00:02:32,479 --> 00:02:30,840 laboratory flight on a on a duration 55 00:02:34,339 --> 00:02:32,489 that was obviously shorter than what 56 00:02:36,250 --> 00:02:34,349 we're doing with station but you know 57 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:36,260 you guys performed on that flight 58 00:02:40,580 --> 00:02:39,030 something like 80 experiments and I was 59 00:02:43,429 --> 00:02:40,590 talking to Chris Hadfield and Tom 60 00:02:45,949 --> 00:02:43,439 Marshburn earlier this week and and they 61 00:02:47,420 --> 00:02:45,959 relayed that that during their increment 62 00:02:48,679 --> 00:02:47,430 both they're going to they're going to 63 00:02:51,020 --> 00:02:48,689 be performing something like a hundred 64 00:02:53,869 --> 00:02:51,030 and thirty but these are experiments 65 00:02:55,849 --> 00:02:53,879 that are ongoing that they interact with 66 00:02:58,940 --> 00:02:55,859 and don't interact with with teller 67 00:03:02,690 --> 00:02:58,950 abadox or tell a science it's it's kind 68 00:03:05,809 --> 00:03:02,700 of a an evolution that we anticipated 69 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:05,819 but but you know now it's here yeah well 70 00:03:12,229 --> 00:03:08,010 that in that lab flight that we flew on 71 00:03:13,789 --> 00:03:12,239 levitation my third flight sts 65 and at 72 00:03:15,319 --> 00:03:13,799 the time we set the record for the 73 00:03:18,860 --> 00:03:15,329 longest shuttle mission it was sixteen 74 00:03:20,869 --> 00:03:18,870 days and that got surpassed by a couple 75 00:03:22,430 --> 00:03:20,879 days but you know we thought a little 76 00:03:24,860 --> 00:03:22,440 over two weeks in space was really a 77 00:03:28,009 --> 00:03:24,870 long flight and yeah we had 81 78 00:03:29,629 --> 00:03:28,019 experiments from around the world and we 79 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:29,639 were you know talking to the folks up in 80 00:03:34,399 --> 00:03:32,370 marshall through the payload ops center 81 00:03:36,890 --> 00:03:34,409 up their control and stuff as well as 82 00:03:39,199 --> 00:03:36,900 houston and you know i look at what 83 00:03:41,809 --> 00:03:39,209 we're doing on space station now and i 84 00:03:44,059 --> 00:03:41,819 think you know a lot of what we learned 85 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:44,069 got applied to how we're operating on 86 00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:46,680 Space Station but it's all I mean this 87 00:03:50,420 --> 00:03:48,090 is the way it's supposed to be you're 88 00:03:52,069 --> 00:03:50,430 supposed to go to space and actually be 89 00:03:55,879 --> 00:03:52,079 involved with the experiments be able to 90 00:03:59,149 --> 00:03:55,889 make changes it's this is this is 91 00:04:02,089 --> 00:03:59,159 exciting stuff that's going on it's 92 00:04:04,309 --> 00:04:02,099 essentially like a you view a shuttle 93 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:04,319 flight you obviously know better than I 94 00:04:09,589 --> 00:04:07,290 but you know a shuttle flight of 16 days 95 00:04:12,080 --> 00:04:09,599 that's a considered a laboratory flight 96 00:04:17,420 --> 00:04:12,090 is it's very structured in terms of 97 00:04:18,499 --> 00:04:17,430 timeline and 16 days versus what it like 98 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:18,509 you just mentioned what a real 99 00:04:24,230 --> 00:04:20,849 laboratory is like one station where you 100 00:04:26,709 --> 00:04:24,240 can allow something to play out over a 101 00:04:29,749 --> 00:04:26,719 longer period of time right 102 00:04:31,939 --> 00:04:29,759 absolutely and you know even those guys 103 00:04:33,409 --> 00:04:31,949 on the space station they're pretty darn 104 00:04:35,869 --> 00:04:33,419 busy up there there's not a whole lot of 105 00:04:38,779 --> 00:04:35,879 free time I know on the shuttle flights 106 00:04:40,640 --> 00:04:38,789 we people always ask me what it's like 107 00:04:42,140 --> 00:04:40,650 and I said gee you hardly have time to 108 00:04:45,740 --> 00:04:42,150 look out the window in fact i was told 109 00:04:48,980 --> 00:04:45,750 first-time Flyers make sure you take you 110 00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:48,990 know 5-10 minutes just to yourself and 111 00:04:52,369 --> 00:04:50,400 stick your nose up the window and make a 112 00:04:54,499 --> 00:04:52,379 memory because I mean we'd be working 113 00:04:55,730 --> 00:04:54,509 you know as soon as we get up in the 114 00:04:57,619 --> 00:04:55,740 morning we'd be working in our post 115 00:04:59,450 --> 00:04:57,629 sleep and we work into our pre sleep in 116 00:05:02,119 --> 00:04:59,460 order to get everything done that we 117 00:05:08,330 --> 00:05:02,129 needed to do yeah and the transition 118 00:05:11,390 --> 00:05:08,340 from for you from sts-48 53 those were 119 00:05:14,990 --> 00:05:11,400 fairly short duration flights and do you 120 00:05:18,619 --> 00:05:15,000 remember in terms of when you got 121 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:18,629 assigned to sts 65 and then later on 288 122 00:05:23,719 --> 00:05:21,210 but 65 the difference between those 123 00:05:26,510 --> 00:05:23,729 four-day flights was it was it dramatic 124 00:05:28,850 --> 00:05:26,520 in terms of preparation obviously a lab 125 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:28,860 flight you prepare a lot longer but that 126 00:05:36,369 --> 00:05:33,020 was your first command after 41 and 53 127 00:05:39,430 --> 00:05:36,379 absolutely I mean things I remember 128 00:05:42,350 --> 00:05:39,440 first off a lot of training with the 129 00:05:44,450 --> 00:05:42,360 payloads in the crew but I remember 130 00:05:45,860 --> 00:05:44,460 being on orbit I mean it seemed like a 131 00:05:48,170 --> 00:05:45,870 long time I mean two and a half weeks 132 00:05:49,640 --> 00:05:48,180 actually you know when you compared it 133 00:05:53,209 --> 00:05:49,650 to those shorter five and seven day 134 00:05:55,700 --> 00:05:53,219 flights being up there for for two weeks 135 00:05:59,420 --> 00:05:55,710 seemed more like it should be you really 136 00:06:02,499 --> 00:05:59,430 got accustomed to being in space the 137 00:06:04,879 --> 00:06:02,509 other thing I remember is after sts 53 138 00:06:07,909 --> 00:06:04,889 yes the pilot coming around the Hat I 139 00:06:09,529 --> 00:06:07,919 just felt so heavy on both those flights 140 00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:09,539 and I thought man how do you how do you 141 00:06:15,679 --> 00:06:12,770 land a spatial you know feeling all that 142 00:06:18,409 --> 00:06:15,689 gravity as you come back into the G 143 00:06:21,170 --> 00:06:18,419 field and when I actually got to land a 144 00:06:22,909 --> 00:06:21,180 cs65 I never even felt gravity I had so 145 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:22,919 much adrenaline going it was pretty 146 00:06:32,779 --> 00:06:27,930 amazing the and the other aspect I guess 147 00:06:35,870 --> 00:06:32,789 between 4153 and 65 is is that flight 148 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:35,880 obviously being longer but she also it 149 00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:38,090 was kind of your introduction to 150 00:06:42,129 --> 00:06:40,370 kind of an international crew because 151 00:06:47,909 --> 00:06:42,139 you had Chiaki on that flight as well 152 00:06:50,230 --> 00:06:47,919 right that's right and it was 153 00:06:54,219 --> 00:06:50,240 experiments from around the world we had 154 00:06:56,290 --> 00:06:54,229 japanese isa experiments so it was very 155 00:06:57,790 --> 00:06:56,300 much an international aspect to the 156 00:07:00,640 --> 00:06:57,800 mission and it was setting the stage for 157 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:00,650 how we operate on the on the space 158 00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:03,530 station you know when I look at 159 00:07:07,810 --> 00:07:05,630 operating on the space station the 160 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:07,820 International aspects of it yes we've 161 00:07:11,440 --> 00:07:08,570 been working with our international 162 00:07:13,900 --> 00:07:11,450 partners the Europeans and Japanese for 163 00:07:16,150 --> 00:07:13,910 a long time but getting ready to build a 164 00:07:18,280 --> 00:07:16,160 space station with the Russians the 165 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:18,290 shuttle-mir program was crucial to 166 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:19,970 building that relationship that we 167 00:07:22,690 --> 00:07:21,410 needed to be successful with the 168 00:07:25,629 --> 00:07:22,700 International Space Station and the 169 00:07:28,330 --> 00:07:25,639 Russians the yeah and then the course 170 00:07:31,779 --> 00:07:28,340 the while shuttle Mir was going on that 171 00:07:34,090 --> 00:07:31,789 you had already been in the mix for well 172 00:07:35,890 --> 00:07:34,100 I guess during that time you were on the 173 00:07:42,219 --> 00:07:35,900 ground you were were you chief of the 174 00:07:44,980 --> 00:07:42,229 astronaut office by then yep we was in 175 00:07:46,779 --> 00:07:44,990 fact norm Fay guard and Bonnie had been 176 00:07:49,210 --> 00:07:46,789 enormous prime and bonnie was back up 177 00:07:51,790 --> 00:07:49,220 for that first flight and when my first 178 00:07:53,950 --> 00:07:51,800 duties as chief the astronaut office was 179 00:07:55,659 --> 00:07:53,960 to go over and visit them in Star City 180 00:07:58,270 --> 00:07:55,669 and see how they're training was going 181 00:08:01,120 --> 00:07:58,280 and that was my first introduction to to 182 00:08:02,500 --> 00:08:01,130 Moscow winner and actually I'll kind of 183 00:08:04,060 --> 00:08:02,510 at home it was a lot like being up in 184 00:08:06,159 --> 00:08:04,070 northern Minnesota I was going to say 185 00:08:09,820 --> 00:08:06,169 bacon that I said and you're pretty used 186 00:08:13,570 --> 00:08:09,830 to that it was very very much the same 187 00:08:16,930 --> 00:08:13,580 but not that was a it was a challenging 188 00:08:19,330 --> 00:08:16,940 time because we were flying 78 Shuttle 189 00:08:23,110 --> 00:08:19,340 missions a year doing shuttle Mir doing 190 00:08:26,650 --> 00:08:23,120 Spacelab missions you know Hubble repair 191 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:26,660 missions it was a lot of a lot of work 192 00:08:31,300 --> 00:08:29,690 going on but we were also getting ready 193 00:08:34,829 --> 00:08:31,310 to build the International Space Station 194 00:08:37,690 --> 00:08:34,839 and it was in its design phase and I 195 00:08:39,310 --> 00:08:37,700 spent those three years as chief the 196 00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:39,320 astronaut office and I was very 197 00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:41,930 fortunate to get to be assigned to 198 00:08:49,690 --> 00:08:45,650 commandant first space station assembly 199 00:08:51,460 --> 00:08:49,700 flight and man that that was that was 200 00:08:55,770 --> 00:08:51,470 special 201 00:08:59,320 --> 00:08:55,780 say no so it has been 14 years now since 202 00:09:02,410 --> 00:08:59,330 STS 88 which obviously kind of 203 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:02,420 inaugurated the Assembly of the station 204 00:09:08,490 --> 00:09:06,890 and do you obviously recall but you know 205 00:09:11,470 --> 00:09:08,500 of course sorry was launched in late 206 00:09:13,750 --> 00:09:11,480 November to you to you what are your 207 00:09:16,120 --> 00:09:13,760 memories of where you were watching 208 00:09:17,830 --> 00:09:16,130 sorry has launched knowing that the way 209 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:17,840 things were laid out that you guys were 210 00:09:23,590 --> 00:09:20,210 I guess ready to go about two weeks 211 00:09:26,110 --> 00:09:23,600 later we were all in my house in Nassau 212 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:26,120 Bay November 20th and in the evening 213 00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:30,290 watching zaria launch and as soon as it 214 00:09:34,930 --> 00:09:32,870 was launched and was successful we knew 215 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:34,940 we were gone and we were all pretty 216 00:09:41,170 --> 00:09:38,450 excited that was that was neat and then 217 00:09:42,820 --> 00:09:41,180 you know a couple weeks later here we 218 00:09:47,470 --> 00:09:42,830 are down at the Cape getting ready to 219 00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:47,480 launch with with unity and the first 220 00:09:53,740 --> 00:09:50,240 night we went out and we had an issue 221 00:09:56,830 --> 00:09:53,750 starting one of the AP use and by the 222 00:10:00,340 --> 00:09:56,840 time everybody figured out you know that 223 00:10:03,310 --> 00:10:00,350 we were okay to go it was it was too 224 00:10:04,900 --> 00:10:03,320 late we didn't have the performance 225 00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:04,910 margin to go and we stopped the count at 226 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:10,100 18 seconds in and didn't go and then the 227 00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:12,530 the next night we went back and it was 228 00:10:19,690 --> 00:10:17,630 flawless it was a perfect launch and it 229 00:10:22,510 --> 00:10:19,700 was it set the stage for the the whole 230 00:10:26,380 --> 00:10:22,520 mission it just went went flawlessly it 231 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:26,390 was really outstanding the rendezvous 232 00:10:33,130 --> 00:10:30,650 I'll never forget it it it was you know 233 00:10:35,890 --> 00:10:33,140 right down the way it was supposed to be 234 00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:35,900 and the one thing that I will never feel 235 00:10:41,920 --> 00:10:38,000 I'll share one quick story with you we 236 00:10:44,290 --> 00:10:41,930 were waiting to get over Russian ground 237 00:10:47,740 --> 00:10:44,300 site we'd flown unity into the payload 238 00:10:49,210 --> 00:10:47,750 Bay it was about three feet from the end 239 00:10:52,690 --> 00:10:49,220 of the arm just waiting for Nancy to 240 00:10:54,610 --> 00:10:52,700 reach over and grab it and we had to get 241 00:10:57,280 --> 00:10:54,620 over a Russian grant site to have them 242 00:10:59,440 --> 00:10:57,290 confirm that the FGB was in free drift 243 00:11:02,520 --> 00:10:59,450 so when we grabbed it with the arm it 244 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:02,530 didn't fight the rman and break it and 245 00:11:09,250 --> 00:11:05,450 so we're just waiting everything 246 00:11:15,340 --> 00:11:09,260 perfect and we reached a dead band in 247 00:11:17,770 --> 00:11:15,350 the attitude of the shuttle and we were 248 00:11:20,020 --> 00:11:17,780 when we apply a rendezvous we allow the 249 00:11:21,490 --> 00:11:20,030 autopilot to hold our attitude pitch 250 00:11:23,980 --> 00:11:21,500 roll and yaw and we just control the 251 00:11:26,440 --> 00:11:23,990 translations and when it reached the 252 00:11:30,070 --> 00:11:26,450 edge of a dead band where it fired the 253 00:11:32,860 --> 00:11:30,080 jets to Center it back up it caused the 254 00:11:36,190 --> 00:11:32,870 big Jets fire and it isn't a pure 255 00:11:38,500 --> 00:11:36,200 rotation it couples into a translation 256 00:11:40,180 --> 00:11:38,510 and all of a sudden this 45 thousand 257 00:11:42,460 --> 00:11:40,190 pound mass is moving down into the 258 00:11:44,530 --> 00:11:42,470 payload Bay and toward the arm and I 259 00:11:47,290 --> 00:11:44,540 fired the Jets to back away from it and 260 00:11:50,410 --> 00:11:47,300 nothing happened and we were in the bead 261 00:11:53,290 --> 00:11:50,420 app which was programmed that that point 262 00:11:54,790 --> 00:11:53,300 in the mission for very fine control and 263 00:11:56,350 --> 00:11:54,800 I real quick switched over and selected 264 00:11:59,080 --> 00:11:56,360 the a depth to get more control power 265 00:12:02,500 --> 00:11:59,090 and we got moving away from it and then 266 00:12:05,590 --> 00:12:02,510 back back back in and got everything 267 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:05,600 centered up again and him got cleared to 268 00:12:11,500 --> 00:12:08,210 grapple it but for a while there it was 269 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:11,510 pretty tense is kind of exciting and one 270 00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:16,340 of my crewmates jim newman PhD smart guy 271 00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:19,850 wrote a lot of our rendezvous training 272 00:12:24,550 --> 00:12:23,510 software he always had advice and for 273 00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:24,560 what we ought to be doing during the 274 00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:26,240 rendezvous and when that happened it was 275 00:12:31,630 --> 00:12:28,330 just dead silence in the cockpit and 276 00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:31,640 after as I said Jim I said how come you 277 00:12:35,920 --> 00:12:33,050 didn't say anything so he says I know 278 00:12:38,680 --> 00:12:35,930 when to keep my mouth shut I was it was 279 00:12:39,940 --> 00:12:38,690 pretty pretty pretty tense there for a 280 00:12:42,250 --> 00:12:39,950 minute but then everything works out 281 00:12:45,220 --> 00:12:42,260 perfect and Nancy grabbed on to it and 282 00:12:46,930 --> 00:12:45,230 we lifted up above the node and got it 283 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:46,940 lined up with the pressurized mating 284 00:12:51,430 --> 00:12:49,940 adapter and fired the Jets to bring the 285 00:12:55,120 --> 00:12:51,440 two pieces together and they've been 286 00:12:57,550 --> 00:12:55,130 been together ever since and let's see 287 00:12:59,290 --> 00:12:57,560 you left behind let's say I'm looking at 288 00:13:03,250 --> 00:12:59,300 them trying to do the math while we're 289 00:13:06,820 --> 00:13:03,260 talking and that looks like about 68 + 5 290 00:13:09,820 --> 00:13:06,830 so about 75,000 pounds of mass that you 291 00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:09,830 guys left behind and and now the latest 292 00:13:16,809 --> 00:13:12,860 numbers that I'm looking at or very 293 00:13:20,169 --> 00:13:16,819 close to about 900,000 pounds of mass 294 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:20,179 that make up the entire station and and 295 00:13:25,569 --> 00:13:22,850 you guys were part of that core it's 296 00:13:28,090 --> 00:13:25,579 it's it's a quite a legacy to leave 297 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:28,100 behind it to look up and watch it fly 298 00:13:32,799 --> 00:13:30,410 over I guess periodically and know that 299 00:13:35,319 --> 00:13:32,809 you know that you were part of the least 300 00:13:40,719 --> 00:13:35,329 the initial stage of that whole thing 301 00:13:43,900 --> 00:13:40,729 coming together it really is I mean we 302 00:13:46,809 --> 00:13:43,910 had an amazing team and it just shows 303 00:13:48,429 --> 00:13:46,819 what we can accomplish when we all work 304 00:13:50,049 --> 00:13:48,439 together toward a common goal I mean 305 00:13:52,599 --> 00:13:50,059 nobody thought he looked back on the 306 00:13:53,919 --> 00:13:52,609 Assembly of the space station and if you 307 00:13:55,569 --> 00:13:53,929 look back at the beginning everybody 308 00:13:57,069 --> 00:13:55,579 said there was this wall of EBA we're 309 00:13:59,979 --> 00:13:57,079 never going to be able to do all the ABS 310 00:14:01,119 --> 00:13:59,989 and and look at how smoothly every one 311 00:14:04,210 --> 00:14:01,129 of them went and yeah there were some 312 00:14:05,949 --> 00:14:04,220 hiccups along the way but you know the 313 00:14:08,469 --> 00:14:05,959 team improvised the team came back the 314 00:14:11,079 --> 00:14:08,479 next day whatever we were successful on 315 00:14:14,079 --> 00:14:11,089 all those EBA is building that space 316 00:14:16,989 --> 00:14:14,089 station with no major hiccups and that 317 00:14:18,279 --> 00:14:16,999 is just truly amazing I remember going 318 00:14:19,389 --> 00:14:18,289 in for the first time everybody kept 319 00:14:21,399 --> 00:14:19,399 saying who's going to be the first one 320 00:14:23,559 --> 00:14:21,409 in I wouldn't tell anybody and when it 321 00:14:26,289 --> 00:14:23,569 came time and we opened the hatch I just 322 00:14:28,479 --> 00:14:26,299 kind of had Sergei krikalev up alongside 323 00:14:31,710 --> 00:14:28,489 man I just kind of waved my arm into the 324 00:14:34,929 --> 00:14:31,720 hatch and we went in side-by-side and I 325 00:14:37,449 --> 00:14:34,939 the node I mean it was empty and the FGB 326 00:14:40,299 --> 00:14:37,459 was empty and I look at pictures of it 327 00:14:43,059 --> 00:14:40,309 now and I see all the equipment that is 328 00:14:45,219 --> 00:14:43,069 in both of those modules now and it it's 329 00:14:47,469 --> 00:14:45,229 pretty amazing it was very roomy 330 00:14:49,239 --> 00:14:47,479 especially after being on on the shuttle 331 00:14:52,059 --> 00:14:49,249 to get inside the nose and have all that 332 00:14:54,099 --> 00:14:52,069 space you know as we work through the 333 00:14:56,889 --> 00:14:54,109 the procedures that we had for getting 334 00:14:59,379 --> 00:14:56,899 things ready for that first crew well I 335 00:15:01,899 --> 00:14:59,389 know without question that you would 336 00:15:04,419 --> 00:15:01,909 love to go back and see it but obviously 337 00:15:07,329 --> 00:15:04,429 you you're you've got an important role 338 00:15:09,369 --> 00:15:07,339 now as well and you know the shuttle the 339 00:15:11,519 --> 00:15:09,379 legacy that the shuttle leaves behind is 340 00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:11,529 the space station and all the other 341 00:15:15,909 --> 00:15:13,850 scientific instruments like Hubble like 342 00:15:18,489 --> 00:15:15,919 you mentioned up there and you guys 343 00:15:21,549 --> 00:15:18,499 launch Ulysses on your deployed Ulysses 344 00:15:23,469 --> 00:15:21,559 on your first flight but you know when 345 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:23,479 you look forward now the shuttles 346 00:15:26,950 --> 00:15:25,010 retired 347 00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:26,960 but there's so many things that are 348 00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:30,970 going on and obviously you're at KSC and 349 00:15:35,170 --> 00:15:33,710 you describe a little bit about some of 350 00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:35,180 the transitional things that are going 351 00:15:40,330 --> 00:15:37,760 on relative to like Orion and Commercial 352 00:15:43,020 --> 00:15:40,340 Crew that that you guys are kind of 353 00:15:46,300 --> 00:15:43,030 starting to work on down there oh 354 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:46,310 absolutely you know I mean the shuttle 355 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:49,370 was phenomenal the 30 years that we flew 356 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:51,770 shuttle look at what it accomplished and 357 00:15:56,920 --> 00:15:55,130 it truly is an amazing vehicle and we 358 00:16:01,030 --> 00:15:56,930 couldn't have done the space station or 359 00:16:03,430 --> 00:16:01,040 many other things without it but you 360 00:16:05,260 --> 00:16:03,440 know it is time to move on and change is 361 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:05,270 hard but you can't have something better 362 00:16:10,120 --> 00:16:07,250 without change and we are now focusing 363 00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:10,130 on exploring beyond our home planet once 364 00:16:14,620 --> 00:16:12,260 again being able to leave planet earth 365 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:14,630 with the Space Launch System in the 366 00:16:18,610 --> 00:16:16,850 multi-purpose crew vehicle we're 367 00:16:20,890 --> 00:16:18,620 enabling commercial operations to 368 00:16:25,540 --> 00:16:20,900 low-earth orbit commercial crew program 369 00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:25,550 is doing an outstanding job as we narrow 370 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:27,650 down to finally select a commercial 371 00:16:31,780 --> 00:16:30,410 contractor that we can contract with to 372 00:16:34,270 --> 00:16:31,790 fly our cruise to the International 373 00:16:35,740 --> 00:16:34,280 Space Station and it's a great 374 00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:35,750 partnership with the Johnson Space 375 00:16:42,490 --> 00:16:39,050 Center it's a 50-50 between us as we 376 00:16:43,930 --> 00:16:42,500 work that program to make it happen the 377 00:16:46,540 --> 00:16:43,940 progress that we're making down here at 378 00:16:49,990 --> 00:16:46,550 the Cape it's phenomenal I mean if you 379 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:50,000 look at the northern pad pad 39b all the 380 00:16:53,020 --> 00:16:51,890 shuttle infrastructure is gone it's got 381 00:16:55,420 --> 00:16:53,030 a state-of-the-art lightning protection 382 00:16:56,830 --> 00:16:55,430 system on it we pulled all the copper 383 00:16:59,920 --> 00:16:56,840 wire out and replaced it with fiber 384 00:17:01,840 --> 00:16:59,930 optics it's got digital control systems 385 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:01,850 that you know people look out at the 386 00:17:06,220 --> 00:17:03,530 launch pads and it looks like this mound 387 00:17:08,410 --> 00:17:06,230 of dirt and cement but that is a complex 388 00:17:11,410 --> 00:17:08,420 underneath there that we're upgrading 389 00:17:13,270 --> 00:17:11,420 now for the future refurbishing the 390 00:17:15,490 --> 00:17:13,280 propellant distribution systems to make 391 00:17:19,270 --> 00:17:15,500 that a viable launch complex for another 392 00:17:22,390 --> 00:17:19,280 20 plus years we've refurbished one of 393 00:17:25,510 --> 00:17:22,400 the firing control rooms to support 394 00:17:28,420 --> 00:17:25,520 multiple operations from the same 395 00:17:30,640 --> 00:17:28,430 control room easily reconfigurable we've 396 00:17:33,370 --> 00:17:30,650 pulled all the shuttle infrastructure 397 00:17:35,710 --> 00:17:33,380 out of high bay three in the Vehicle 398 00:17:37,590 --> 00:17:35,720 Assembly Building as we prepare for the 399 00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:37,600 Space Launch 400 00:17:42,090 --> 00:17:40,330 system that new rocket and we're 401 00:17:45,299 --> 00:17:42,100 designing the platforms such that 402 00:17:47,310 --> 00:17:45,309 they're adjustable so it is the vehicle 403 00:17:49,260 --> 00:17:47,320 evolves you know it's not a fixed 404 00:17:51,480 --> 00:17:49,270 structure in there and when we change 405 00:17:53,029 --> 00:17:51,490 the vehicle we're stuck and we got to 406 00:17:56,760 --> 00:17:53,039 redo everything we're making it 407 00:17:59,970 --> 00:17:56,770 adjustable so it adapts to an evolving 408 00:18:03,240 --> 00:17:59,980 vehicle initially starting out with five 409 00:18:06,930 --> 00:18:03,250 segments solid rocket motors heritage 410 00:18:09,299 --> 00:18:06,940 hardware for shuttle main engines I was 411 00:18:12,060 --> 00:18:09,309 over at Stennis Space Center here a few 412 00:18:13,799 --> 00:18:12,070 weeks ago and saw those engines in 413 00:18:16,490 --> 00:18:13,809 storage over there getting ready for the 414 00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:16,500 future I'm a multi-purpose crew vehicle 415 00:18:22,919 --> 00:18:19,840 we are building the very first one right 416 00:18:25,529 --> 00:18:22,929 now here in high bay over in the 417 00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:25,539 operations and check-out building at KSC 418 00:18:29,399 --> 00:18:28,000 Lockheed Martin you know in a 419 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:29,409 partnership with the state of Florida 420 00:18:34,169 --> 00:18:31,330 they refurbished the high bay it's a 421 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:34,179 state-of-the-art processing facility now 422 00:18:39,240 --> 00:18:37,090 assembly facility and the first vehicle 423 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:39,250 is over there getting ready for a flight 424 00:18:44,909 --> 00:18:42,490 in 2014 aboard a delta 4 rocket to test 425 00:18:47,730 --> 00:18:44,919 the thermal protection system and other 426 00:18:50,909 --> 00:18:47,740 systems on it I think we've seen the 427 00:18:52,799 --> 00:18:50,919 progress that SpaceX is made going to 428 00:18:55,770 --> 00:18:52,809 the International Space Station with the 429 00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:55,780 Dragon vehicle and they want to evolve 430 00:19:00,210 --> 00:18:57,610 that dragon capsule into the Dragon 431 00:19:02,370 --> 00:19:00,220 Rider and be able to fly crew on it in 432 00:19:04,409 --> 00:19:02,380 our commercial crew program is working 433 00:19:06,810 --> 00:19:04,419 through Space Act agreements with SpaceX 434 00:19:09,360 --> 00:19:06,820 for the Dragon Rider sierra nevada for 435 00:19:13,230 --> 00:19:09,370 the dream chaser which would fly on a an 436 00:19:16,110 --> 00:19:13,240 atlas 5 rocket and boeing with the 437 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:16,120 cst-100 capsule also on an atlas 5 and 438 00:19:23,010 --> 00:19:19,450 boeing plans on building and processing 439 00:19:24,620 --> 00:19:23,020 their vehicle in opf bay 3 in again in 440 00:19:27,630 --> 00:19:24,630 partnership with the state of florida 441 00:19:30,090 --> 00:19:27,640 here's a facility that we have no use 442 00:19:31,500 --> 00:19:30,100 for we can't afford to maintain and 443 00:19:34,049 --> 00:19:31,510 we've turned it over to the state of 444 00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:34,059 Florida and they are refurbishing it and 445 00:19:40,350 --> 00:19:37,330 I'm going to get Boeing in there for 446 00:19:42,330 --> 00:19:40,360 their cst-100 so we're looking at what 447 00:19:44,370 --> 00:19:42,340 infrastructure we actually need for the 448 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:44,380 future down here what we don't need 449 00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:46,690 which doesn't support anything that's 450 00:19:51,030 --> 00:19:49,690 old we're going to tear down and save 451 00:19:53,220 --> 00:19:51,040 costs on what 452 00:19:55,230 --> 00:19:53,230 still has another need for the future 453 00:19:57,090 --> 00:19:55,240 and can able commercial operations we're 454 00:19:59,220 --> 00:19:57,100 looking at Space Act agreements in order 455 00:20:01,410 --> 00:19:59,230 and enhanced useless in order to allow 456 00:20:04,380 --> 00:20:01,420 commercial companies to utilize that 457 00:20:06,390 --> 00:20:04,390 excess capacity that we have to make 458 00:20:09,150 --> 00:20:06,400 commercial operations to low Earth orbit 459 00:20:11,250 --> 00:20:09,160 more viable so just an awful lot of 460 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:11,260 stuff going on down here and in great 461 00:20:18,300 --> 00:20:14,290 progress is being made in in all areas 462 00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:18,310 so you know the future i think is very 463 00:20:23,730 --> 00:20:21,610 exciting to think that we're going to 464 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:23,740 leave planet earth again be able to go 465 00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:27,490 you know off to asteroids to the moon to 466 00:20:33,530 --> 00:20:30,450 Mars to wherever with an involve about 467 00:20:36,600 --> 00:20:33,540 architecture it's really exciting and 468 00:20:38,190 --> 00:20:36,610 you know low-earth orbit we've been 469 00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:38,200 going back and forth to low-earth orbit 470 00:20:43,260 --> 00:20:40,080 for 50 years I think it's about time we 471 00:20:45,300 --> 00:20:43,270 we trusted that to to somebody else to 472 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:45,310 do that we know how to do it and we can 473 00:20:51,270 --> 00:20:47,610 focus on a really tough job of exploring 474 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:51,280 that that's great and of course part of 475 00:20:57,270 --> 00:20:54,570 that is the evolution of the human 476 00:20:59,430 --> 00:20:57,280 spaceflight in terms of duration and of 477 00:21:01,680 --> 00:20:59,440 course you know we've got the cruise up 478 00:21:04,290 --> 00:21:01,690 there on roughly six month rotation and 479 00:21:07,170 --> 00:21:04,300 we just named the two crew members that 480 00:21:09,450 --> 00:21:07,180 are going to go and live on the ISS for 481 00:21:11,550 --> 00:21:09,460 a year so you know your your first 482 00:21:14,370 --> 00:21:11,560 flight was four days and then scott 483 00:21:16,650 --> 00:21:14,380 kelly and mikhail kornienko next flights 484 00:21:18,930 --> 00:21:16,660 will be you know one year in durations 485 00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:18,940 and that's that probably will be 486 00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:21,280 considered at some point hopefully maybe 487 00:21:26,130 --> 00:21:23,170 just a baby step for the kind of 488 00:21:28,230 --> 00:21:26,140 durations that we're looking toward with 489 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:28,240 Orion and you know possibly future 490 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:32,290 spacecraft well we still have so much to 491 00:21:36,540 --> 00:21:34,210 learn I mean we have learned tremendous 492 00:21:39,450 --> 00:21:36,550 amounts about human physiology and a 493 00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:39,460 microgravity environment we're fortunate 494 00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:42,520 in in Earth orbit that were protected by 495 00:21:47,610 --> 00:21:45,370 our magnetosphere from the radiation of 496 00:21:50,220 --> 00:21:47,620 space but we have to come up with better 497 00:21:52,530 --> 00:21:50,230 means of shielding crews from radiation 498 00:21:55,260 --> 00:21:52,540 on these long-duration flights as we 499 00:21:57,650 --> 00:21:55,270 leave planet earth right now the crews 500 00:22:00,450 --> 00:21:57,660 on orbit exercise for two hours a day 501 00:22:03,390 --> 00:22:00,460 aerobic in strength resistive exercise 502 00:22:04,700 --> 00:22:03,400 and we found that you know that's 503 00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:04,710 mandatory to 504 00:22:11,500 --> 00:22:07,770 crews home with the minimal bone loss 505 00:22:14,930 --> 00:22:11,510 with you know muscles that still work 506 00:22:16,970 --> 00:22:14,940 systems wise we have to do a better job 507 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:16,980 designing our environmental control 508 00:22:20,269 --> 00:22:18,570 systems so that you know they'll 509 00:22:21,919 --> 00:22:20,279 actually last for a year and a half so 510 00:22:25,299 --> 00:22:21,929 we can go someplace like Mars with 511 00:22:27,590 --> 00:22:25,309 current propulsion technology you know 512 00:22:29,180 --> 00:22:27,600 my example that I always uses the 513 00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:29,190 electron on the Russian side that 514 00:22:34,690 --> 00:22:31,770 generates electricity I mean oxygen 515 00:22:37,190 --> 00:22:34,700 through electrolysis it's a it's got a 516 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:37,200 285 day design life it gets replaced 517 00:22:41,690 --> 00:22:39,330 every 285 days and during that time 518 00:22:44,779 --> 00:22:41,700 there are constant repairs on it as with 519 00:22:49,370 --> 00:22:44,789 there are on many of our systems the 520 00:22:51,860 --> 00:22:49,380 cedar you name it and we are learning we 521 00:22:55,220 --> 00:22:51,870 are using the space station as a testbed 522 00:22:56,720 --> 00:22:55,230 to refine and make those systems more 523 00:22:59,180 --> 00:22:56,730 reliable and better so that we can 524 00:23:03,049 --> 00:22:59,190 actually make these trips beyond planet 525 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:03,059 Earth well it's a it is definitely an 526 00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:05,010 exciting time and and we really 527 00:23:09,889 --> 00:23:07,039 appreciate you taking some time out to 528 00:23:12,470 --> 00:23:09,899 visit us here in Mission Control and and 529 00:23:16,039 --> 00:23:12,480 talk about not only you know the past 530 00:23:18,649 --> 00:23:16,049 and and the anniversary of STS 88 the 531 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:18,659 start of assembly but also you know 532 00:23:23,149 --> 00:23:20,610 what's in store for us for the future so 533 00:23:27,580 --> 00:23:23,159 Bob we really appreciate you joining us 534 00:23:32,510 --> 00:23:27,590 thanks a lot I'll Kyle it's my pleasure 535 00:23:34,970 --> 00:23:32,520 NASA is a phenomenal team and I know I 536 00:23:36,980 --> 00:23:34,980 have no qualms about our future because 537 00:23:38,269 --> 00:23:36,990 I've seen the people that are coming to 538 00:23:40,730 --> 00:23:38,279 work for us and they currently work for 539 00:23:41,870 --> 00:23:40,740 us and I know that if you challenge them 540 00:23:43,850 --> 00:23:41,880 and give them the tools to get the job 541 00:23:46,220 --> 00:23:43,860 done they can do anything and I believe 542 00:23:48,169 --> 00:23:46,230 we have an outstanding teacher in front